Heart disease is often thought of as primarily affecting men, but it is the leading cause of death for women globally. As heart disease risk factors often present subtly or without symptoms, regular screening is crucial for early detection and prevention.
According to cardiologists, women should begin monitoring their heart health as early as age 20 to reduce long-term risks. Here are four key tests every woman should undertake:
1. Blood Pressure Monitoring
High blood pressure, or hypertension, is a major risk factor for heart disease and stroke, yet it often presents no symptoms until significant damage has occurred. Regular blood pressure checks should begin as early as age 20, according to Dr Mukesh Goel, Senior Consultant Cardiothoracic and Heart and Lung Transplant Surgery of Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals, New Delhi. If results are normal, annual testing is recommended; however, more frequent monitoring is necessary for those with elevated blood pressure or other risk factors, such as a family history of hypertension.
Why it’s important: Uncontrolled high blood pressure can lead to heart failure, kidney damage, and stroke, making it crucial to keep it within a healthy range (less than 120/80 mmHg).
2. Cholesterol (Lipid) Profile
Monitoring cholesterol levels helps assess the risk of heart disease, as high levels of LDL (“bad” cholesterol) can lead to plaque buildup in arteries, increasing the risk of heart attack and stroke. Dr Deepankar Vatsa, Sr Consultant–Cardiology, Yatharth Hospitals, recommends starting cholesterol screenings at age 20 for women with risk factors such as obesity or a family history of heart disease. If there are no risk factors, testing can begin at age 45 and should be repeated every 4-6 years if results are within a normal range.
Why it’s important: High cholesterol is one of the leading causes of cardiovascular disease, and early management through lifestyle changes or medications can prevent complications.
3. Blood Glucose or HbA1c Test
Diabetes is another significant risk factor for heart disease, as high blood sugar levels can damage blood vessels and the nerves controlling the heart. If risk factors such as obesity or a family history of diabetes are present, screening for diabetes or insulin resistance through fasting blood glucose or an HbA1c test should begin at age 20. In the absence of risk factors, screenings should occur every three years, with annual tests advised for those at higher risk.
Why it’s important: Elevated blood sugar levels, even in the pre-diabetes range, increase the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. Early detection enables intervention through diet, exercise, and possibly medication.
4. Body Mass Index (BMI) Measurement
Body Mass Index (BMI) is a simple calculation using height and weight to assess whether a person falls into a healthy weight range. According to Dr. Vatsa, obesity is a key risk factor for heart disease, contributing to hypertension, high cholesterol, and diabetes. Regular monitoring of BMI starting at age 20 provides insight into whether a woman may be at risk for obesity-related heart conditions.
Why it’s important: Maintaining a healthy weight can significantly reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. For those with a high BMI, adopting a heart-healthy lifestyle that includes regular physical activity and a balanced diet is essential for reducing risk.
Dr Goel said that in certain cases, a healthcare provider may recommend an electrocardiogram (ECG) to check for irregular heartbeats or other cardiac concerns. This is especially important if a woman experiences symptoms such as chest discomfort or palpitations, even in the absence of risk factors.
DISCLAIMER: This article is based on information from the public domain and/or the experts we spoke to. Always consult your health practitioner before starting any routine.
Read More: Heart health: Four tests every woman over 20 should get done to stay healthy